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World Kidney Day; 10 March 2016

Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is an irreversible, progressive reduction in renal function for at least 3 months. Chronic kidney disease is as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease.

What causes CKD?
Diseases and conditions that commonly cause chronic kidney disease include:
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Family history of kidney disease
• Age 65 or older
• Black race
• Proteinuria

World Kidney Day; 10 March 2016

What are the symptoms of CKD?


Signs and symptoms of kidney disease may include:
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Anemia
  • Hormonal dysfunction such as low testosterone levels, low levels of estrogen, vitamin D3 deficiency
  • Blood chemistry (electrolyte) abnormalities such as: 
Hypercalcemia (A sudden rise in calcium levels in your blood)
Hyperkalemia (A sudden rise in potassium levels in your blood)
Hyperphosphatemia 

Uremia: People with advanced kidney failure may develop a group of symptoms referred to as uremia. The symptoms of uremia include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting. By lowering the amount of protein you consume you are decreasing your urea.

World Kidney Day; 10 March 2016

Complications


Potential complications may include:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Anemia
  • Edema (swelling of the feet, ankles, or legs)
  • Itchy skin
  • Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease
  • Increased bleeding
  • Metabolic bone disease


World Kidney Day; 10 March 2016

Diagnosing chronic kidney disease


To determine whether you have chronic kidney disease, you may need tests and procedures such as:
  • Urine tests : Urine tests may be ordered to measure the amount of protein
  • Imaging tests: Your doctor may use ultrasound to assess your kidneys' structure and size.
  • kidney biopsy

World Kidney Day; 10 March 2016

Treatment


  • Medications for high blood pressure:
Maintaining good blood pressure control is the most important goal for trying to slow the progression of CKD. Taking a medication called an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) reduces blood pressure.

  • Dietary changes:
Restricting protein in the diet may slow the progression of CKD.

  • PREPARING FOR DIALYSIS:
Some people with CKD progressively worsen over time and will eventually need dialysis.


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